---
title: Character Encoding, Unicode, UTF-8
description: Resources, notes and useful tips on character encodings, unicode, code points, UTF-8, ASCII, and related stuff.
---

# Character Encoding

Here are some useful links and posts about the topic:

- [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets(Joel on Software)](https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2003/10/08/the-absolute-minimum-every-software-developer-absolutely-positively-must-know-about-unicode-and-character-sets-no-excuses/).
- [Unicode (Jenkov)](https://jenkov.com/tutorials/unicode/index.html).
- [UTF-8 (Jenkov)](https://jenkov.com/tutorials/unicode/utf-8.html).
- [WHATWG HTML Spec on Parsing Documents](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html).
- [JavaScript’s internal character encoding: UCS-2 or UTF-16? (Mathias Bynens)](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding).
- [JavaScript has a Unicode problem (Mathias Bynens)](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode)
- [UTF-8 for the Impatient (Skybert)](http://www.skybert.net/craftsmanship/utf-8-for-the-impatient/)
- [The importance of language-level abstract Unicode strings (Unspecified Behavior blog)](https://unspecified.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/the-importance-of-language-level-abstract-unicode-strings/).
- [Unicode / List of Useful Symbols (Wikibooks)](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/List_of_useful_symbols).
- [TLDP Unicode How To](https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Unicode-HOWTO.html).
- [Unicode and JavaScript (Speaking JS)](http://speakingjs.com/es5/ch24.html).
- [Unicode and JavaScript (2ality)](https://2ality.com/2013/09/javascript-unicode.html).
- [How to support full Unicode in MySQL databases (Mathias Bynens)](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/mysql-utf8mb4).
- [Testing Ruby's Unicode Support (HoneyBadger)](https://www.honeybadger.io/blog/ruby-s-unicode-support/).


Other:

- [https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2016/12/25/ruby-2-4-0-released/](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2016/12/25/ruby-2-4-0-released/). Notes on some string methods supporting UTF-8.

```{toctree}
---
maxdepth: 6
caption: Topics
---

useful-unicode-symbols.md
```